Formulation and Evaluation of an Antioxidant Facial Serum Containing Purple Eggplant Peel Extract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56904/jgpr.v1i01.115Keywords:
purple eggplant peel, phytochemical screening, natural antioxidants, facial serum, herbal cosmeticsAbstract
Skin aging caused by oxidative stress due to free radical exposure has increased the demand for natural antioxidant ingredients in cosmetic products. Purple eggplant peel (Solanum melongena L.), often considered agricultural waste, is rich in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, which exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical content of eggplant peel extract and formulate it into a natural-based facial serum with antioxidant potential. The peel powder was extracted using 70% ethanol through multistage maceration, yielding 17 grams of viscous extract from 90 grams of dried peel (18.8%). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Subsequently, three facial serum formulations (F1, F2, F3) were developed with extract concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, respectively. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and homogeneity. All formulas had pH values within the safe range for skin (5.12–5.58) and demonstrated good homogeneity. An increase in extract concentration resulted in darker serum color, increased turbidity, decreased viscosity and adhesiveness, and improved spreadability. Among the formulations, F3 (2.0%) showed the most favorable physicochemical characteristics. These findings indicate that purple eggplant peel extract holds significant potential as an active ingredient in herbal antioxidant facial serums, contributing to the valorization of agricultural waste and the development of natural cosmetic products.
References
1. Dewana SF, Rohmani S. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kulit Terong (Solanum melongena L.) dan Uji Sifat Fisika Kimia dalam Sediaan Krim. Surakarta: 2014. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v0i0.1215.
2. Shipp J, Abdel-Aal E-SM. Food Applications and Physiological Effects of Anthocyanins as Functional Food Ingredients. The Open Food Science Journal 2010;4:7–22. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874256401004010007.
3. Mekky RH, Hegazy MM, Sweilam SH, Abd El Hafeez MS, Sayed GA, Mansour MA, et al. Phytochemicals from Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) By-Products. Bioactive Phytochemicals in By-products from Bulb, Flower and Fruit Vegetables, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2025, p. 231–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77399-0_10.
4. Di Sotto A, Di Giacomo S, Amatore D, Locatelli M, Vitalone A, Toniolo C, et al. A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2018;23:2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082066.
5. Condurache (Lazăr) N-N, Croitoru C, Enachi E, Bahrim G-E, Stănciuc N, Râpeanu G. Eggplant Peels as a Valuable Source of Anthocyanins: Extraction, Thermal Stability and Biological Activities. Plants 2021;10:577. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030577.
6. Heryanto JD, Dewi NWS, Ernawati DK. Uji Aktivitas Anti-Inflamasi Ekstrak Kulit Terong Ungu (Solanum melongena L.) Terhadap Tikus Putih Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Yang Diinduksi Karagenan. E-Jurnal Medika Udayana 2024;13:11. https://doi.org/10.24843/MU.2024.V13.i04.P03.
7. Widyaningrum N, Arief TA, Darma Y, Ningrum A. Optimization, Characterization, and Primary Irritation Test of Serum Based on Simplex Lattice Design. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia 2024;14:176–84. https://doi.org/10.22435/jki.v14i1.6650.
8. Made Sukma Sanjiwani N, Wayan Sudiarsa I, Putu Ayu Mirah Mariati N, Kadek Refi Mariska N, Adelia Vinanda K. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Formulasi Krim Kombinasi dari Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Terong Ungu dan Kubis Ungu dengan Metode DPPH. Jurnal Edukasi Matematika dan Sains 2023;XII:41–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7861147.
9. Qamariah N, Handayani R, Maretania J. The Serum Formulation of Hati Tanah Tuber Ethanol Extract from Central Kalimantan. Pharmacognosy Journal 2023;14:978–82. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2022.14.199.
10. Dwi Cahya NR, Abdulkadir WS, Hasan H. Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Terong Ungu (Solanum melongena L.) Menggunakan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research 2023;4. https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v4i1.13630.
11. Ramadani A, Rombeallo A, Afifa N, Farmasi Yamasi Makassar A. Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Terong Ungu (Solanum melongena L.) sebagai Antihiperglikemik terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus). Jurnal Kesehatan Yamasi Makassar 2022;6:112–24.
12. Wulandari, Ariani LW, Kresnawati Y. Ekstraksi Kulit Terong Ungu (Solanum melongena L.) dengan Pelarut Etanol-Asam Sitrat sebagai Peredam Radikal Bebas. Media Farmasi Indonesia 2023;18:1–7. https://doi.org/10.53359/mfi.v18i1.211.
13. Sensorex. The Significance of Skin pH in Cosmetics Manufacturing. Sensorex 2023. https://sensorex.com/skin-ph/?srsltid=AfmBOoqM2wL6pUSSpsgUIsT6LWnB_gcAxEn-YjzOr7GPUWEduyZCpeRb (accessed July 23, 2025).
14. Budiasih S, Masyitah I, Jiyauddin K, Kaleemullah M, Samer AD, Fadli AM, et al. Formulation and Characterization of Cosmetic Serum Containing Argan Oil as Moisturizing Agent. Proceedings of BROMO Conference, SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications; 2018, p. 297–304. https://doi.org/10.5220/0008361702970304.
15. Handayani R, Qa ariah, N. Formulasi Sediaan Serum Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Hati Tanah. Jurnal Farmasetis 2023;12:227–36. https://doi.org/10.32583/far.v12i2.1219.
16. Aljanah FW, Oktavia S, Noviyanto F. Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Hand Body Lotion Ekstrak Etanol Daun Semangka (Citrullus lanatus) sebagai Antioksidan. Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences 2022;1:799–818. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjas.v1i5.1483.
17. Barekat S, Nasirpour A, Keramat J, Dinari M, Claeys M, Sedaghat Doost A, et al. Formulation, Characterization, and Physical Stability of Encapsulated Walnut Green Husk (Juglans regia L.) Extract in Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes. J Dispers Sci Technol 2024;45:2180–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2023.2256389.
18. Zam Zam AN, Musdalifah M. Formulasi dan Evaluasi Kestabilan Fisik Krim Ekstrak Biji Lada Hitam (Piper nigrum L.) Menggunakan Variasi Emulgator. Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research 2022;4:304–13. https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v4i2.14146.
19. Sukmawati EY, Pratiwi R, Feranisa A, Gigi PD, Gigi FK, Sultan UI. Pengaruh Formulasi Sediaan Nanoemulgel Ekstrak Daun Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) Terhadap Stabilitas Fisik. Jurnal Ilmiah Sultan Agung 2022:521–8.
20. Szulc-Musioł B, Dolińska B, Kołodziejska J, Ryszka F. Influence of plasma on the physical properties of ointments with quercetin. Acta Pharmaceutica 2017;67:569–78. https://doi.org/10.1515/acph-2017-0038.
21. Tari M, Indriani O. FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIK SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK SEMBUNG RAMBAT (Mikania micrantha Kunth). Babul Ilmi Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Science Kesehatan 2023;15:192–211. https://doi.org/10.36729/bi.v15i1.1074.
22. Harjanti R, Ayu Wikandita K, Nilawati A. Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Trietanolamin terhadap Aktivitas Tabir Surya Lotion Ekstrak Kulit Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.). Media Farmasi Indonesia 2022;17. https://doi.org/10.53359/mfi.v17i2.208.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Global Pharmacy Research (JGPR)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Abstract 212
- PDF (Bahasa Indonesia) 205
